TreeSet和TreeMap的一点总结

首先简单介绍下TreeSet和TreeMap的两种排序：

• 自然排序
• 通过comparator排序

  private static void compareWithCpmparator(){
          TreeSet<String> treeSet =new TreeSet<>();
          List<String> list =new ArrayList<>();
          list.add("a");
          list.add("d");
          list.add("b");
          treeSet.addAll(list);
          Iterator<String> iterator =treeSet.iterator();
          while (iterator.hasNext()){
              System.out.println(iterator.next());
          }
          Comparator<String>  comparator1 = (Comparator<String>) treeSet.comparator();
          if (comparator1 == null){
              System.out.println("comparator1是空");
          }else {
              System.out.println("comparator1不是空");
          }
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          compareWithCpmparator();
      }

  运行之后的结果如下:

  a
  b
  d
  comparator1是空

  这段代码里面获取的comparator是空的，Debug一遍，发现这个方法其实调用的是NavigableMap里面的comparator

  public Comparator<? super E> comparator() {
      return m.comparator();
  }

  查看官网上对其的介绍：

  Comparator<? super K> comparator()
  Returns the comparator used to order the keys in this map, or null if this map uses the natural ordering of its keys.
  Returns:
  the comparator used to order the keys in this map, or null if this map uses the natural ordering of its keys

  在调用这个方法的时候若是自然排序，那么会返回一个null。若是通过comparator进行排序的话当前集合采用的comparator。
  查看官网对reeSet的无参构造器的解释：

  /**

  • Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the
  • natural ordering of its elements. All elements inserted into
  • the set must implement the {@link Comparable} interface.
  • Furthermore, all such elements must be mutually
  • comparable: {@code e1.compareTo(e2)} must not throw a
  • {@code ClassCastException} for any elements {@code e1} and
  • {@code e2} in the set. If the user attempts to add an element
  • to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user
  • attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are
  • integers), the {@code add} call will throw a
  • {@code ClassCastException}.

在使用TreeSet的时候，插入的元素需要实现Comparable这个接口，而刚刚的元素是String，查看String的代码发现:

public final class String implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {

确实实现了，再测试一个没有实现的元素：

public class PojoTest {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    public PojoTest() {
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public PojoTest(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

 private static void  com(){
        TreeSet<PojoTest> treeSet =new TreeSet<>();
        treeSet.add(new PojoTest(1,"a"));
        treeSet.add(new PojoTest(2,"b"));
        treeSet.add(new PojoTest(3,"c"));
        Iterator<PojoTest> iterator =treeSet.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(iterator.next().getName());
        }
    }

运行结果如下:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: SetAndMap.TreeSetAndTreeMap.PojoTest cannot be cast to java.lang.Comparable
	at java.util.TreeMap.compare(TreeMap.java:1294)
	at java.util.TreeMap.put(TreeMap.java:538)
	at java.util.TreeSet.add(TreeSet.java:255)
	at SetAndMap.TreeSetAndTreeMap.TestTreeSet.com(TestTreeSet.java:77)
	at SetAndMap.TreeSetAndTreeMap.TestTreeSet.main(TestTreeSet.java:88)

很明显，所以放在TreeSet里面的元素要么是实现Comparable了的自然排序，要么是通过comparator来进行排序的。

最后附上一个标准的使用Comparator的方法：

private static void  construct(){
        Comparator<String>  comparator =new Comparator<String>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
                if(o1.toCharArray()[0] >o2.toCharArray()[0]){
                    return -1;
                }else if(o1.toCharArray()[0] == o2.toCharArray()[0]){
                    return 0;
                }else{
                    return 1;
               }
            }
        };
        TreeSet<String> treeSet =new TreeSet<>(comparator);
        List<String> list =new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("a");
        list.add("d");
        list.add("b");
        treeSet.addAll(list);
        Iterator<String> iterator =treeSet.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(iterator.next());
        }
        Comparator<String>  comparator1 = (Comparator<String>) treeSet.comparator();
        TreeSet<String> treeSet1 =new TreeSet<>(comparator1);
        treeSet1.add("c");
        treeSet1.add("g");
        treeSet1.add("a");
        Iterator<String> iterator1 =treeSet1.iterator();
        while (iterator1.hasNext()){
            System.out.println(iterator1.next());
        }

自然排序：

是实现Comparable接口并且重写了compareTo方法的

另一个comparator

则是通过comparator并且重写compare方法